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• Project Time: one hour
• Tab: $200
• Talent
• Tools: ECM flash tool, supplied with software

• Parts Required:
• Performance Proceeds: Fuel economic system and performance
• Complementary Modification: Wink DME software for a functioning upgrade

E46 Engine Management Systems - An OverviewBMW E46 vehicles (1999-2005 3-Series) are equipped with digital engine management systems (called Digital Motor Electronics or DME) developed by Siemens.

The engine command module (ECM) in these systems is programmed with software for the command of fuel injection, ignition and other functions. Siemens DME systems comply with second generation on-lath diagnostics (OBD II) standards.

The list below summarizes the DME systems used in E46 vehicles:

Year, Engine Siemens DME

1999 - 2000 M52 TU                 MS 42.0

2001 - 2005 M54                      MS 43.0

2001 - 2005 M56                      MS 45.1

Fuel Supply - Fuel Injection

An electrically operated fuel pump, located inside the fuel tank, supplies high pressure fuel (approx. 3.5 bar or l psi) to the engine fuel track. The fuel rail in turn distributes fuel to the electronically-actuated fuel injectors.

The ECM meters the fuel output of injectors using pulse width signals. It varies the pulse width based on input signals. Inputs to the ECM include:

• Air intake volume using mass airflow sensor point.
• Ambience and coolant temperature signals.
• Accelerator pedal point.
• Crankshaft and camshaft position signals.
• Knock sensor signals.

Check out our Basic Maintenance section, which has all the parts yous'll need to become your vehicle running its all-time, including filters, fluids, brakes, spark plugs, lighting, and more for your E46!

Hot tip

DME stands for Digital Motor Electronics

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Project Photos

Figure 1 The engine control module (ECM), mounted in the electronics-box (E-box) (dark-green arrow) to left of the brake master cylinder in the left rear engine compartment, is flash-programmable. Five electric harnesses connect the 134-pin ECM to the engine, body and other components.

The ECM can be reflashed (reprogrammed) to heave sure performance parameters, such every bit allowing for college superlative RPMs or increasing depression-end torque. Two of these modifications are described in boosted detail later.

Figure ii The molded plastic intake manifold (greenish arrow) consists of two sets of three intake runners. Resonance valves are used to vary the length of the runners in club to raise low stop torque at low engine speeds or allow high volume air menses at medium or high engine speeds.

The intake manifold is also equipped with a 5.five mm turbulence port for each cylinder. These ports channel idle and low speed air from the idle speed command regulator to the intake valve in each cylinder. (There are 2 intake valves per cylinder.) Air rushing through one valve causes air swirl and more than efficient fuel atomization in the cylinder.

Figure 3

E46 engines are equipped with a double-VANOS system (greenish arrow). The engine command module (ECM) is able to control both intake and frazzle valve timing by actuating solenoids that directly engine oil pressure to the VANOS system. The VANOS actuators are fully variable; the intake and exhaust sides operate independently.

Variable camshaft timing (VANOS) offers the following advantages:

• Increased power
• Higher low end and medium speed torque
• Improved idle and fuel efficiency
• Elimination of external EGR plumbing (internal EGR)
• Quicker warm-upwardly and lower emissions

Effigy 4 The throttle is electronically-actuated based on accelerator pedal input. In MS 42.0 vehicles (1999 - 2000), an accelerator cable connects the gas pedal to the electronic throttle valve. In MS 43.0 and MS 45.ane vehicles (2001 - 2005), the throttle cablevision is eliminated and throttle actuation is completely electronic (drive-by-wire).

Figure five The idle speed command valve, located under the intake manifold, is controlled by the ECM to featherbed varying amounts of air around the closed throttle valve. Idle speed is not adjustable.

Figure 6 The ignition system uses 1 ignition gyre per cylinder, each coil mounted above a spark plug. Multiple sparks per ignition wheel are used to reduce emissions and extend spark plug life. Spark timing is controlled by the ECM using an ignition spark "map." Spark timing is not adjustable.

Figure 7

Even so, to foreclose engine damage in case of agin weather condition or poor fuel quality, knock (detonation) sensors (green arrows) are mounted on the engine crankcase. These are microphones tuned to the frequency of engine knock and communicate such knock to the ECM. The ECM tin answer to these signals by changing (usually retarding) the ignition timing at one or more cylinders.

The three forepart cylinders (Bank 1) and iii rear cylinders (Bank 2) are each equipped with a divide frazzle manifold each with an integrated catalytic converter. This allows the converters to rut upwards a very short time after a cold start. The manifolds are also equipped with iv oxygen sensors, one before each catalyst and i later. Oxygen sensor signals are used by the ECM to control fuel delivery.

Figure eight There is a well-tested system for reflashing (reprogramming) the ECM, depending on your vehicle year and model: The Shark Injector, designed for 1999 - 2000 models, reflashes the ECM to improve low-end torque. The machine wonâÂÂt hesitate or lag, making information technology easier to drive. And with the actress torque you tin bulldoze in a higher gear and non have to downshift as ofttimes, thus improving fuel mileage. The Shark Injector may be upgraded via USB port, depending on your performance needs.

Got more than questions? Ask whatsoever of our automotive experts.

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Source: https://www.pelicanparts.com/BMW/techarticles/BMW-3-Series-E46/60-ELEC-Understanding_the_E46_Engine_Management_Systems/60-ELEC-Understanding_the_E46_Engine_Management_Systems.htm

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